APA: Resources

Journal Article (2-20 authors)

Book (2-20 authors)

More examples available.

More examples available | Secondary citations video

How to cite Kūpuna and Indigenous Knowledge Keepers

Unlike other personal communications, Kūpuna and Indigenous Knowledge Keepers are cited in-text and in the reference list. The in-text citation should follow the same guidelines noted for a paraphrase or direct quote:

Format:

Name of Kūpuna/Knowledge Keeper with year of communication.

Example:

     Delores Cardinal described the nature of the... (2018).

     OR

     The nature of the place was... (Cardinal, 2018).

How to reference Kūpuna and Indigenous Knowledge Keepers

Format:

Last name, First initial., Nation/Community. Treaty Territory if applicable. Where they live if applicable. Topic/subject of communication if applicable. personal communication. Month Date, Year.

Example:

Cardinal, D., Goodfish Lake Cree Nation. Treaty 6. Lives in Edmonton. Oral teaching. personal communication. April 4, 2004.

APA Examples/Handouts:

• In-text: Paraphrasing, Quotations, avoid Secondary Sources (video)
• References | Formatting
• How to cite a webpage on a website
• Template without abstract (see explanations) | HDFs 
• Melania Trump & Michelle Obama

APA Websites:

• FAQs
• Excelsior OWL (videos): Overview | In-text | References
• Purdue OWL: Sample paper | In-text | Websites | Headings

Citation generator for websites: Scribbr

When Do I Need to Cite?

Quoting (copying word for word) incorrectly:

• No credit given to the author
• No quotation marks
• Not in Works Cited

Paraphrasing incorrectly:

• No credit given to the author
• Not in Works Cited
• Substituting with synonyms
• Mixing up parts of the sentence

Citing is acknowledging other people’s ideas & words.

Start with:

• Name of photographer/artist (omit if not available). If name is not available, use the title instead.
• Date of image.
• Title of image (italics)
• After the title and add [Photograph].
• Where the image is located.
• URL

congerdesign. (2017, March 9). Lime Citrus Fruit Angry Green [Photograph]. Pixabay. https://pixabay.com/photos/lime-citrus-fruit-angry-green-2133091

In-text parenthetical citations: (congerdesign, 2017).